TYPICAL FOULING FACTORS
COOLING WATER Fouling Factors in [m²K/W]
Conditions Cooling water < 50ºC Cooling water > 50ºC
Cooled fluid< 120ºC Cooled fluid > 120ºC
Water velocity v < 1 m/s v > 1 m/s v < 1 m/s v > 1 m/s
Type of water
Sea 0,00009 0,00009 0,00018 0,00018
Brackish 0,00035 0,00018 0,00053 0,00035
Cooling tower with inhibitor 0,00018 0,00018 0,00035 0,00035
Cooling tower without inhibitor 0,00053 0,00053 0,00088 0,00070
City grid 0,00018 0,00018 0,00035 0,00035
River minimum 0,00018 0,00018 0,00035 0,00035
River average 0,00053 0,00035 0,00070 0,00035
Engine jacket 0,00018 0,00018 0,00018 0,00018
Demineralized or distilled 0,00009 0,00009 0,00009 0,00009
Treated boiler feedwater 0,00018 0,00009 0,00018 0,00018
Boiler blowdown 0,00035 0,00035 0,00035 0,00035
SEVERAL FLUIDS Fouling Factors in [m²K/W]
Group Fluid Fouling Factor
Oil Gasoil 0,00009
Transformer 0,00018
Lubrication 0,00018
Heat transfer oil 0,00018
Hydraulic 0,00018
Gas and Vapour Hydrogen 0,00176
Engine exhaust 0,00176
Steam 0,00009
Steam with oiltraces 0,00018
Cooling fluid vapours with oil traces 0,00035
Organic solvent vapours 0,00018
Compressed air 0,00035
Natural gas 0,00018
Stable top products 0,00018
Liquid Cooling fluid 0,00018
Organic heat transfer fluids 0,00018
Salts 0,00009
LPG, LNG 0,00018
MEA and DEA(Amines) solutions 0,00035
DEG and TEG(Glycols) solutions 0,00035
Stable side products 0,00018
Stable bottom products 0,00018
Caustics 0,00035
Vgetables oils 0,00053
REFINERY FLUIDS Fouling Factors in [m²K/W]
Crude – wet (bearing salty water) Temperature 0 – 95ºC 95 – 160ºC 160 – 260ºC > 95 ºC
Velocity
< 0,6 m/s 0,00053 0,00088 0,00105 0,00123
0,6 m/s – 1,2 m/s 0,00035 0,00070 0,00088 0,00106
> 1,2 m/s 0,00035 0,00070 0,00070 0,00088
Crude – dry Temperature 0 – 95ºC 95 – 160ºC 160 – 260ºC > 95 ºC
Velocity
< 0,6 m/s 0,00053 0,00053 0,00070 0,00088
0,6 m/s – 1,2 m/s 0,00035 0,00035 0,00053 0,00070
> 1,2 m/s 0,00035 0,00035 0,00035 0,00053
Products Gasoline 0,00018
Naphtha and light distillates 0,00018
Kerosene 0,00018
Light gas oil 0,00035
Heavy gas oil 0,00053
Heavy fuel oil 0,00088
Asphalt and residuum 0,00176
Cracking and coking units streams Overhead vapors 0,00035
Light cycle oil 0,00035
Heavy cycle oil 0,00053
Light coker gas oil 0,00053
Heavy coker gas oil 0,00070
Bottom slurry(> 1,5 m/s) 0,00053
Bottom liquid products 0,00035
Catalytic reforming, hydrocracking, hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Reformer charge 0,00035
Reformer effluent 0,00018
Hydrocracher charge and effluent 0,00035
Recycle gas 0,00018
HDS charge and effluent 0,00035
Overhead vapors 0,00018
Liquid product > 50 API 0,00018
Liquid product 30 to 50 API 0,00035
Light ends processing streams Overhead vapors and gases 0,00018
Liquid products 0,00018
Absorption oils 0,00035
Alkylation trace acid streams 0,00053
Reboiler streams 0,00053
Lube oil processing streams 0,00053
Feed stock 0,00035
Solvent feed mix 0,00035
Solvent feed mix 0,00018
Extract 0,00035
Raffinate 0,00018
Asphalt 0,00088
Wax slurries 0,00053
Redined lube oil 0,00018